SmartHEV: Depending on what my final design entails, this will mean either a converted:

1. 2006 Smart ForTwo Passion Coupe Hybird Electric Vehicle

or

1. 2006 Smart ForTwo Passion Coupe Hydraulic Energy Vehicle

…stay tuned to find out which design wins

The gasoline version is too noisy

Well, more seriously:

1. I purchased this vehicle in November of 2006, and an original goal was to start planning an EV conversion when it was 5 years old.
2. The jerky transmission is really annoying…really, really, really annoying.
3. Current (April 2011) vehicle milage is 75,000km.
4. This vehicle's 699cc engine needs to be rebuilt at around 100,000km. The clutch and transmission will also require specialized (Mercedes dealership) service as well. Costs rise quickly here; I can either discard the vehicle, repair/rebuild the drivetrain, or replace the drivetrain.
5. Projected drivetrain rebuild costs total $5,500:
   1. $1,000 for cost of parts + shipping from the UK (known cost)
   2. $2,500 in billable shop labor (projected costs)
   3. $2,000+ to resolve silly “surprises” that typically emerge during during major maintenance (hidden costs)

GOAL	STATUS
Maximum cruising speed: 70 MPH	designing
Maximum speed on 5% grade: 50 MPH	designing: need 35HP@0.35Cd, 30HP@0.17Cd
Minimum range: 100 miles	designing
Minimum Acceleration: 0-60MH in 16 seconds (existing gas car's performance)	designing
Retain luxuries: AC/Heat, power windows, locks, steering & brakes	designing
Eliminate jerky gearbox shifting	totally eliminating gearbox
Simplify vehicle electronics	that easy when you're gutting the existing powerplant

Maximum climbing speed is based on the desire to climb a steep section of Hwy26 leaving downtown Portland Oregon, at the posted 50MPH; estimated elevation grade is 5%. Section is ~2 miles long.

I fully-intend to fix the air resistance issues, which promises to cut the Cd in half, after converting the vehicle; I'd like the ability to accurately measure streamlining results.

Excellent online calculators

• Electric: ^{1) 2) 3) 4)}
• Hydraulic: ⁵⁾

source

LiFePO4 battery chemistry; a mass-produced battery chemistry that's expensive, but ideal for EV use.

312VDC is required to generate a 220VAC (312V peak) sine wave. This is a common voltage for a 3 phase AC motor. Most motor controllers are powered by 312VDC internally, so this is why I am using such a high voltage.

It must be an AC motor…I love Tesla's tech, and I'm not touching any of that DC motor sillyness. I'm playing with the idea of a brushless outrunner, simply because of the insane amount of torque you can pull from them, but…custom motors are expensive! So, a more traditional squirrel cage three-phase AC motor will suffice.

Inspirations: ¹⁴⁾

When using an online calculator.

1. Vehicle Weight: 2000lbs
2. Wheel Diameter: 23.1” (cir: 55.25”)
3. Frontal Area 25sq-ft (CoD: 0.35)
4. Acceleration Factor (0-60MPH in 11sec): 14

Using above pump and motor combination:

Wheel mounted hydraulic motors.

If you want to go from zero to sixty MPH in ten seconds, you'll need sufficient accumulators for approximately 334 feet of travel.

Assuming a constant rate of acceleration, we can use the following formula:

D = (Vf + Vo)*t/2

where:

1. D is the unknown distance
2. Vf is the final speed
3. Vo is the initial speed
4. t is the elapsed time

In this case we have that:

1. Vf = 60 mph = 1/60 miles per second (mps)
2. Vo = 0 mph = 0 mps
3. D is unknown
4. t = 10 s

Then the distance traveled during the 10 second 0-60 acceleration period becomes:

D = (1/60)*10/2 = 0.08333 miles

Well, something has to provide the power

1. http://nissandiesel.dyndns.org/
2. http://www.dieselbike.net/yanmar/yanmar.htm
3. http://www.greaseworks.org/index.php?module=Content&func=view&pid=1
4. http://www.dieselwiesel.de/
5. APUs for eBikes: http://www.ecycle.com/powersports/hybrid.htm
6. http://www.altmann.haan.de/riding_on_salad_oil/
7. http://tank.windwireless.net/~jimc/genset3.html
8. http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_bikes.html
9. http://polarpower.org/static/docs/GeneratorWhitePaper2_1_05.pdf